Endocrine Abstracts

Hyponatremia is the most frequent electrolytic disorder in clinical practice. It is estimated that in about 50% of cases hyponatremia is secondary to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD). Hyponatremia is associated with a worse outcome and with increased mortality in several diseases, including cancer. In vitro and in vivo evidence shows that low [Na+ ] is associated with neurological and extra-neurological alterations, which include f...

Vaptans are nonpeptide vasopressin receptors antagonists, developed for the treatment of euvolemic or hypervolemic hyponatremia. Among them, tolvaptan, a selective V2receptors antagonist, approved for the treatment of hyponatremia secondary to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis, was also approved for the treatment of polycystic kidney disease. Here, tolvaptan is able to reduce the growth of renal cysts and the rate of estimated glomerular filtration decrease...